Rousseau's Rule

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1.
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Rousseau would most likely favor the term Direct Democracy in describing his ideal government.  He talks of the masses having the weight of the power.  The majority decides the fate of the minority.  He talks about freedom of the people being the most important part of a government.
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There is not currently an exact nation that fits all his criteria but there are close examples.  A close current example would be the Direct Democracy of Sweden.  A lot of their programs and polices are very close reflections of his ideals.  The Greek city of Athens was the closest true direct democracy.
Also being one of the fist documented democracy's in history.  Long after they fell the ancient city of Rome closely followed Greek leadership and adopted many ideals from Athens until their takeover as a dictatorship.

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2.

The Deceleration of Independence is an extremely good example of Machiavelli's ends and means.  The quote "give me freedom or give me death" commonly associated with the decoration perfectly sums up the overall meaning.
I do personally agree with the justifications of the revolution.  Die free or live in chains is the mindset of the peace of freedom outweighs the fear of rebellion.

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I strongly believe Jefferson was more than ok with the consequences of the rebellion.  He and the rest of the men who joined him knew it would be certain death to go against the crown and the only was to live is to win.  And i think Jefferson would have regarded Machiavelli's word as an apparent example and excuse to why the rebellion is needed.  It would only have proven Jefferson points on the cruelty of government and its care for its people. 

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